Making a String Uppercase, Lowercase, or Capitalized

One occasional problem with PHP is that MySQL supports case-insensitive character fields, but strings in PHP are case sensitive. In a query, MySQL makes no distinction between the words Ferrett, FERRETT,…

Creating a Screen Scraper

A screen scraper program accesses a web page and picks through the HTML for interesting or useful data. Here's a very simple one that extracts all hyperlinks from a page and then categorizes them. This…

Extracting a Substring Using substr

The substr() function returns a part of a string. You provide a string and the position of the first character to be extracted (keep in mind that the first character has the index 0). From this character…

To find the length of a string

You may find that sometimes you need the length of a string.

The String Concatenation Operator

The following program asks the user for his first and last names, then prints his full name in two different formats: